喀斯特石漠化地区生态恢复重建技术及其成果的价值评估——以广西平果县果化示范区为例

用土壤改良技术、表层岩溶水开发技术和生物恢复重建技术等对广西平果县果化示范区的土壤和植被等进行了恢复重建,结果是:果化示范区的植被覆盖率由2000年重建前的10%提高到2005年的50%~70%,水土流失也得到了较明显的控制,土壤侵蚀模数下降到了510.92 kg/(km2.a)。用生态经济学的原理和方法,对恢复后的生态系统服务价值进行了评估,结果表明示范区新增的间接利用价值达10186873元,间接利用价值是直接利用价值的12倍。新增的生态效益为8002053元,社会效益为2184820元。扣除治理期间实际投入的科研费用,增加的总生态服务净价值为8869308元。     

西藏森林生态系统服务价值

森林生态系统作为可再生的自然资源,具有公共物品的属性,随着环境污染和资源危机的加剧,具有可持续意义的森林生态服务价值受到人类的重视。论文采用产量-价格法、直接市场法、影子工程法、机会成本法等主要研究方法,核算了西藏森林生态系统价值,结果表明:西藏森林生态系统服务价值中碳库、木材和生物多样性存量价值为44543.5×10⁸元,其中生态价值是直接经济价值的2.24倍;在流量中,年流量价值1738.3×10⁸元,其中年生态价值为1565.9×10⁸元,是直接经济价值172.4×10⁸元的9倍,社会价值只有9.5×10⁸元。论文旨在强调森林的生态功能,为西藏的生态补偿、绿色GDP核算奠定良好的基础。     

Spatial variations in daily average CO2 concentrations above wetland surface of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, China

Horizontal and vertical variations of daily average CO2 concentration above the wetland surface were studied in Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China in August, 2000. The primary purpose was to study spatial distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration on the four levels of height(0.1 m, 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 2 m) and compare the differences of CO2 concentration under different land covers. Results showed that daily average CO2 concentration above wetland surface in Xianghai National Natural Reserve was lower than that above other wetlands in northeast China as well as the worldwide average, suggesting that Xianghai wetland absorbed CO2 in August and acted as“sink” of CO2. The horizontal variations on the four levels of height along the latitude were distinct, and had the changing tendency of“decreasing after increasing” with the increase of height. The areas with obvious variations were consistent on different levels of height,and those with the highest variations appeared above surface of shore, sloping field, Typha wetland and Phragmites wetland; the vertical variations were greatly different, with the higher variations in Phragmites wetland and Typha wetland, and the lands near the shore and the sloping field with the lower variations. Spatial variations of daily average CO2 concentrations above wet!and surface were affected by surface qualities and land covers.     

高职高专学生就业服务指导

高职高专教育是以就业为导向的教育,专业人才培养方案要与社会需求相一致。除了加强就业指导之外,还应采取多种手段对学生进行正确的就业观、择业观教育,全方位多渠道实现毕业生与人才市场沟通,引导毕业生顺利就业。     

佳木斯台形变观测对东北地区几次浅震“场兆”异常的探讨

大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,反映到地倾斜观测日均值曲线上,表现为固体潮形变趋势异常,这些异常能否指示远距离的地震,近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位。佳木斯台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,对东北地区浅源地震短期前兆异常“场兆”的趋势性变化具有一定的意义。     

草原生态系统健康与评价研究进展

生态系统健康研究是近年来生态学领域的新热点。本文从生态系统健康和生态系统服务的概念出发，简要阐述了草原生态系统健康评价的指导思想、原则、指标和方法。结果表明，草原生态系统健康评价应以生态系统服务为指导思想，根据区域分异的因地制宜原则，采用VOR健康指数，运用综合评价方法将生态系统健康状况分为：健康、警戒、不健康和崩溃4个时期；或很健康、健康、较健康、一般病态和疾病5级。以便将草原生态系统对号人座了解其健康状况，进行科学管理和有效治理。     

呼伦贝尔市可持续发展战略探讨

呼伦贝尔市在生态示范区创建中，确立了稳固环境与资源基础、保护北疆生态屏障的战略目标；统一了预防为先、保护为主、建设为辅的生态保护思想；确定了在经济结构调整和生产方式的转变中实现环境与经济“双赢”的创建道路；把生态示范区建设的目标任务具体为工程、项目，保证了创建工作的顺利进行，走出了一条在我国北部边疆少数民族地区开展生态示范区建设的道路。     

加入WTO后我国环境服务业发展的新思路

中国即将加入WTO，对中国环境服务业来说挑战与机遇共存。中国环境服务业是一个很新的领域，近年有所发展但还存在着很多问题。中国环境服务业应充分利用加入WTO的难得机遇，尽快从政策、管理制度、结构、技术等多方面进行调整，利用内外部双重动力，推动我国环境服务业有更大地发展。     

氧化塘处理高速公路服务区污水技术初探

提出并试验研究了氧化塘处理高速公路服务区污水的方法，所得结果可用于高等级公路服务区及管理区污水处理。     

INTEGRATING SERVICE‐LEARNING INTO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES1

ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to open a dialogue on integrating service‐learning into community based watershed management programs and to discuss opportunities and challenges that a service‐learning program presents to universities and communities. The article presents the concept and definition of service‐learning, and arguments concerning why institutions of higher education and university faculty and students should be involved with community based watershed management programs. The article describes a case study for developing a service‐learning program for watershed management at Virginia Tech and discusses lessons learned from the case study. The paper concluded that to make a service‐learning program sustainable, there should be a long term plan, regular and effective communication with the stakeholders, and some incentives for faculty and students for long term commitment to the community based watershed management programs.